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nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

  • 作者:zccc
  • 来源:网络
  • 2020-09-23 06:02:31

服务器 前言 nginx作为web服务器一个重要的功能就是反向代理。nginx反向代理的指令不需要新增额外的模块,默认自带proxy_pass指令,只需要修

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前言

nginx作为web服务器一个重要的功能就是反向代理。nginx反向代理的指令不需要新增额外的模块,默认自带proxy_pass指令,只需要修改配置文件就可以实现反向代理。

而在日常的web网站部署中,经常会用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理,有一个配置需要弄清楚:配置proxy_pass时,当在后面的url加上了/,相当于是绝对根路径,则nginx不会把location中匹配的路径部分代理走;如果没有/,则会把匹配的路径部分也给代理走(这样配置可以参考这篇文章)。

下面举个小实例说明下:

centos7系统库中默认是没有nginx的rpm包的,所以我们自己需要先更新下rpm依赖库

1)使用yum安装nginx需要包括Nginx的库,安装Nginx的库

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

2)使用下面命令安装nginx

[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx

3)nginx配置

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
 
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is page of test!!!!

4)启动Nginx

[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service

5)测试访问(103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23机器的外网ip)

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of test!!!!

看看下面几种情况:分别用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html进行访问测试

为了方便测试,先在另一台机器192.168.1.5上部署一个8090端口的nginx,配置如下:

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

测试访问(103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外网ip):

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5


192.168.1.23作为nginx反向代理机器,nginx配置如下:

1)第一种情况:

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}

这样,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目录不需要存在根目录/var/www/html里面

注意,终端里如果访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy(即后面不带/),则会访问失败!因为proxy_pass配置的url后面加了/

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor=white>
<center><h2>301 Moved Permanently</h2></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center>
</body>
</html>

页面访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy的时候,会自动加上/”(同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了/),并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的结果

2)第二种情况,proxy_pass配置的url后面不加/

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

那么访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,都会失败!

这样配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/


3)第三种情况

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5 haha-index.html

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加/

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

上面配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html
同理,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

注意,这种情况下,不能直接访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,后面就算是默认的index.html文件也要跟上,否则访问失败!


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
上面四种方式都是匹配的path路径后面加/,下面说下path路径后面不带/的情况:

1)第一种情况,proxy_pass后面url带/:

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service


2)第二种情况,proxy_pass后面url不带/

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]#

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

3)第三种情况

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加/

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy,和第三种结果一样,同样被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对亿速云的支持。

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