系统运维

由于工作需要，经常要安装系统并有多国语言的要求，现在以英文和中文(en-us/zh-cn)为例，手工制作一个包括多语言的windows 安装光盘（U盘）：

1.下载最新的Windows ADK:

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/get-started/adk-install

最新的为 windows 10 1809

下载安装adk:

选择以下两项就够用：

接下来安装ADKWinPEAddons:

运行：adkwinpesetup.exe

直到安装完成：

以管理员身份运行：

接下来准备一张英文版的Windows安装光盘（以最新windows 10 ：Win10_1809Oct_English_x32.iso为例）

下载最新的系统盘可以到：https://tb.rg-adguard.net/public.php

如果以后要安装32位的windows,就必须以32位的为模板，因为32位的boot.wim既能安装32位又能安装x64系统.

准备必要的目录：

Mkdir C:\\m\\mount\\windows
Mkdir C:\\m\\mount\\winre
Mkdir C:\\m\\mount\\boot
Mkdir C:\\m\\LanguagePack\\en-us
Mkdir C:\\m\\LanguagePack\\zh-cn
Mkdir C:\\m\\my_Distribution
Mkdir C:\\m\\wim\\win10pro
Mkdir C:\\m\\wim\\win10ent
Mkdir C:\\m\\wim\\win7pro
Mkdir C:\\m\\wim\\win7ent
Mkdir C:\\m\\wim\\win7ult
Mkdir C:\\m\\hotfix\\win10_1809
Mkdir C:\\m\\hotfix\\win7sp2

将 en-US Windows DVD 的所有内容复制到 C:\\m\\my_distribution

xcopy F:\\ C:\\m\\my_distribution /s /e

Dism /Get-ImageInfo /ImageFile:C:\\m\\my_distribution\\sources\\install.wim

导出需要的win10 pro:

dism /Export-Image /SourceImageFile:C:\\m\\my_distribution\\sources\\install.wim /SourceIndex:6 /DestinationImageFile:C:\\m\\wim\\win10pro\\install.wim

Dism /Get-ImageInfo /ImageFile:C:\\m\\wim\\win10pro\\install.wim

xcopy C:\\m\\wim\\win10pro\\install.wim C:\\m\\my_distribution\\sources\\install.wim

Dism /Get-ImageInfo /ImageFile:C:\\m\\my_distribution\\sources\\install.wim

Dism /Mount-Image /ImageFile:C:\\m\\my_distribution\\sources\\install.wim /Index:1 /MountDir:C:\\m\\mount\\windows

Dism /Mount-Image /ImageFile:C:\\m\\mount\\windows\\Windows\\System32\\recovery\\winre.wim /Index:1 /MountDir:C:\\m\\mount\\winre

Dism /Add-Package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\windows /PackagePath:C:\\m\\LanguagePack\\zh-cn\\Microsoft-Windows-Client-Language-Pack_x86_zh-cn.cab

Dism /Add-Package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\windows /PackagePath:C:\\m\\hotfix\\win10_1809\\windows10.0-kb4467708-x86.msu

Dism /image:C:\\m\\mount\\windows /set-allIntl:zh-cn /Set-TimeZone:China Standard Time

Dism /image:C:\\m\\mount\\windows /gen-langini /distribution:C:\\m\\my_distribution

Dism /image:C:\\m\\mount\\windows /get-intl /distribution:C:\\m\\my_distribution

Dism /image:C:\\m\\mount\\winre /Add-Package /PackagePath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\x86\\WinPE_OCs\\zh-cn\\lp.cab

X64:

Dism /image:C:\\m\\mount\\winre /Add-Package /PackagePath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\amd64\\WinPE_OCs\\zh-cn\\lp.cab

Dism /image:C:\\m\\mount\\winre /set-allIntl:zh-cn /Set-TimeZone:China Standard Time

Dism /image:C:\\m\\mount\\winre /get-intl

DISM /unmount-image /mountdir:C:\\m\\mount\\winre /commit

DISM /unmount-image /mountdir:C:\\m\\mount\\windows /commit

2.将语言包添加到 Windows 安装程序:

1)使用 DISM 装载 Boot.wim 文件的索引 2 :

Dism /Mount-Image /ImageFile:C:\\m\\my_distribution\\sources\\boot.wim /Index:2 /MountDir:C:\\m\\mount\\boot

2)针对每一种要支持的语言，将 Windows PE 语言包和 Windows 安装程序可选组件添加到已装载的映像中:

DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /packagepath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\x86\\WinPE_OCs\\zh-cn\\lp.cab

x64:

DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /packagepath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\amd64\\WinPE_OCs\\zh-cn\\lp.cab

3)添加 Windows PE 安装程序可选组件:

DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /packagepath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\x86\\WinPE_OCs\\WinPE-FontSupport-ZH-CN.cab
DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /PackagePath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\x86\\WinPE_OCs\\WinPE-Setup.cab
DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /packagepath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\x86\\WinPE_OCs\\zh-cn\\WinPE-Setup_zh-cn.cab
DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /PackagePath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\x86\\WinPE_OCs\\WinPE-Setup-client.cab
DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /packagepath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\x86\\WinPE_OCs\\zh-cn\\WinPE-Setup-Client_zh-cn.cab

x64:

DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /packagepath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\amd64\\WinPE_OCs\\WinPE-FontSupport-ZH-CN.cab
DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /PackagePath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\amd64\\WinPE_OCs\\WinPE-Setup.cab
DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /packagepath:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\amd64\\WinPE_OCs\\zh-cn\\WinPE-Setup_zh-cn.cab

DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /PackagePath:C:\\m\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\amd64\\WinPE_OCs\\WinPE-Setup-client.cab
DISM /add-package /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /packagepath:C:\\m\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Assessment and Deployment Kit\\Windows Preinstallation Environment\\amd64\\WinPE_OCs\\zh-cn\\WinPE-Setup-Client_zh-cn.cab
 
  (注意:这些 Windows 安装程序语言包仅适用于客户端版本的 Windows。对于 Windows Server，你必须使用 winpe-setup-server.cab 文件。)

4)将zh-cn的Windows安装盘中的zh-cn目录copy 到C:\\m\\my_distribution\\sources：

Mkdir C:\\m\\my_distribution\\sources\\zh-cn

xcopy h:\\sources\\zh-cn C:\\m\\my_distribution\\sources\\zh-cn /cherkyi

Dism /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /set-allIntl:zh-cn /Set-TimeZone:China Standard Time

Dism /image:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /Get-Intl

Dism /Unmount-image /MountDir:C:\\m\\mount\\boot /Commit

3.在Windows安装盘中集成winPE:

将windows distibution 中的bcd复制到c:\\m\\bcd下：

xcopy  C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\boot\\bcd c:\\m\\bcd\\

将winpe iso 文件中boot.sdi 复制到c:\\m\\bcd下并改名为peboot.sdi

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /v

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /timeout 60

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /create {ramdiskoptions}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {ramdiskoptions} ramdisksdidevice boot
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {ramdiskoptions} ramdisksdipath \\boot\\peboot.sdi

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /create {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} /d WinPE x64 /application osloader
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /displayorder {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} /addfirst
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /default {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} device ramdisk=[boot]\\sources\\pe64.wim,{ae5534e0-a924-466c-b836-758539a3ee3a}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} path   \\windows\\system32\\boot\\winload.exe
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} description WinPE x64
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} locale zh-CN
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} osdevice ramdisk=[boot]\\sources\\pe64.wim,{ae5534e0-a924-466c-b836-758539a3ee3a}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} systemroot \\windows
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} detecthal Yes
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} winpe Yes

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /create {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} /d WinPE x86 /application osloader
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /displayorder {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} /addfirst
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /default {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} device ramdisk=[boot]\\sources\\pe32.wim,{ae5534e0-a924-466c-b836-758539a3ee3a}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} path   \\windows\\system32\\boot\\winload.exe
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} description WinPE x86
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} osdevice ramdisk=[boot]\\sources\\pe32.wim,{ae5534e0-a924-466c-b836-758539a3ee3a}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} locale zh-CN
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} systemroot \\windows
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} detecthal Yes
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} winpe Yes

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd /v

xcopy C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\efi\\microsoft\\boot\\bcd  c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /v

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /timeout 60

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /create {ramdiskoptions}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {ramdiskoptions} ramdisksdidevice boot
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {ramdiskoptions} ramdisksdipath \\boot\\peboot.sdi

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /create {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} /d WinPE x64 /application osloader
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /displayorder {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} /addfirst
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /default {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} device ramdisk=[boot]\\sources\\pe64.wim,{ae5534e0-a924-466c-b836-758539a3ee3a}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} path   \\windows\\system32\\boot\\winload.efi
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} description WinPE x64
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} locale zh-CN
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} osdevice ramdisk=[boot]\\sources\\pe64.wim,{ae5534e0-a924-466c-b836-758539a3ee3a}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} systemroot \\windows
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} detecthal Yes
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {e18d7416-d8dc-11e8-88da-701ce7e35f75} winpe Yes

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /create {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} /d WinPE x86 /application osloader
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /displayorder {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} /addfirst
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /default {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} device ramdisk=[boot]\\sources\\pe32.wim,{ae5534e0-a924-466c-b836-758539a3ee3a}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} path   \\windows\\system32\\boot\\winload.efi
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} description WinPE x86
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} osdevice ramdisk=[boot]\\sources\\pe32.wim,{ae5534e0-a924-466c-b836-758539a3ee3a}
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} locale zh-CN
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} systemroot \\windows
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} detecthal Yes
bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /set {d2cd2978-05fc-11e5-a17e-18a905d696d5} winpe Yes

bcdedit /store c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd /v

xcopy c:\\m\\bcd\\bcd  C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\boot\\bcd /y

xcopy c:\\m\\bcd\\peboot.sdi C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\boot\\ /y

xcopy c:\\m\\bcd\\efi\\bcd c:\\m\\my_Distribution\\efi\\microsoft\\boot\\  /y

dism /Export-Image /SourceImageFile:E:\\wim\\win7pro\\install.wim /SourceIndex:1 /DestinationImageFile:C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\sources\\install.wim
dism /Export-Image /SourceImageFile:E:\\wim\\win10pro\\install.wim /SourceIndex:1 /DestinationImageFile:C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\sources\\install.wim
dism /Export-Image /SourceImageFile:E:\\wim\\win10ltsb\\install.wim /SourceIndex:1 /DestinationImageFile:C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\sources\\install.wim
dism /Export-Image /SourceImageFile:E:\\wim\\win10ent_ltsc2019\\install.wim /SourceIndex:1 /DestinationImageFile:C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\sources\\install.wim
dism /Export-Image /SourceImageFile:E:\\wim\\win2008r2sp1\\install.wim /SourceIndex:1 /DestinationImageFile:C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\sources\\install.wim
dism /Export-Image /SourceImageFile:E:\\wim\\winsvr2012r2\\install.wim /SourceIndex:1 /DestinationImageFile:C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\sources\\install.wim
dism /Export-Image /SourceImageFile:E:\\wim\\winsvr2016\\install.wim /SourceIndex:1 /DestinationImageFile:C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\sources\\install.wim
dism /Export-Image /SourceImageFile:E:\\wim\\winsvr2019\\install.wim /SourceIndex:1 /DestinationImageFile:C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\sources\\install.wim

dism /Get-ImageInfo /ImageFile:C:\\m\\my_Distribution\\sources\\install.wim